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Mint Error Education

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Mint Errors are a fascinating, and addictive, field within the numismatic hobby!  They make unique and wonderful gifts, for both personal (yourself, family members, and friends) and business acquaintances (Manager/Supervisor, Peer, Subordinate, Team Member, and others)!  Mint Errors come in many different types and are caused by many different things in the beginning-to-end minting process.

You as the collector determine whether you want to collect Mint Errors by denomination, by coin series, by date, by type of Mint Error, how many types of Mint Errors, or some combination of these or other collector-defined criteria.  You're only limited by your desires (and finances, of course, but that's true with 'most anything). That's one of the beauties and more satisfying aspects of this numismatic field.  Another one is that you will probably be the only one on your block, on your street, or in your town that owns these treasures.  Yet another one is because of their reason for being - since they are Mint Errors, no two Errors, even within a given type of Mint Error, are identical.  Each Mint Error is, by definition, unique, not designed nor meant to be produced as a Mint Error!

Before going any further, I highly recommend that you join "CONECA".  That stands for "Combined Organizations of Numismatic Error Collectors of America".  You'll be glad you did!   Their website is listed on my "Links" page.  When you join, tell them Denny sent you.

Be aware that there are "manufactured errors" in many categories.  By "maufactured" I mean intentionally mutilated, doctored, and/or faked outside of the normal minting process, indeed outside of the U. S. Mints.  Unfortunately there are individuals that "manufacture" them in order to make money without any expense, or the coins have been accidentally altered outside of the mints then some unsuspecting person finds them or gets them in change and thinks they have the genuine article.  Don't let this deter you from your interest and pursuit of Mint Errors!  Just be aware of it and proceed accordingly.

There are several Mint Error reference books you can buy that will provide the diagnostics necessary to understand the difference between the genuine and the altered, however it occured.  If you ever have doubts about something in this regard after using the reference books, I would recommend contacting a reputable coin dealer (myself included here).  Many local and regional coin clubs are another good source of this knowledge. 

Again, join CONECA.  There are many people in the club that are very experienced with Mint Errors.   Mint Errors are an extremely rewarding part of the numismatic hobby!

Once you've had an opportunity to peruse and enjoy this basic "Mint Error Education" section of my website, please feel free to check out the Mint Errors that I have for sale (and all other items as well, of course) in my "Inventory" section.  Some of those will have pictures, some won't.  Some of those will have multiples, some won't.  For those Mint Errors that do have multiples, each one is going to be unique due to its reason for being, but in some cases there'll be many examples that are very similar in appearance.  In those cases where I have more than one available, I list the "Quantity Available" in the description.

There is also a related field called "Mint Varieties" within the numismatic hobby.  The most famous of these is the "Doubled Die" with the most famous of those being the "1955 Doubled Die Lincoln Cent".  I don't delve into the Mint Variety field in detail herein.  Again, there are some excellent reference books that cover this field of numismatics.

Without further ado, ENJOY!!!!



Following are descriptions and some pictorial examples of various, but by no means all, types of Mint Errors.......This is a work in progress that will take several months to be what it should be, so please check back often for updates..........This is a basic Mint Error Education and should be used in addition to the reference books on Mint Errors that are available.

The photography isn't what it should be yet, but should gradually improve.  I haven't mastered close-ups yet, so there is no micro-photography (yet).

Feel free to send me an e-mail at dennys.coins@vsswireless.net after you've reviewed this section, or any other section, of my website and let me know what you think of it.

The types of Mint Errors included below are listed in alphabetical order.  If you don't have time for a leisurely scroll down through these Mint Error category explanations and pictures, you can click on any one of the Mint Error categories listed in blue in the list here and it will take you directly to the description and subsequent pictures for that Mint Error type.  Then when you're done with that Mint Error type, you can scroll up or down to read about and see other types or click on the "back arrow" of your internet browser and it will return you back to the alphabetical list here (whence you came).





Blank Planchet Errors

Blank Planchet Errors

Blank Planchet Errors are caused by the unstruck Blank Planchet leaving the mint without having been fed into the collar die and struck by the Obverse and Reverse dies.

There are two kinds of Blank Planchet Errors, Type I and Type II.  'Type I Blank Planchets' have the edge of one side being rounded slightly down from the gang punch and the edge of the other side being flat from the metal strip, never having been through the upsetting mill once punched from that metal strip.  There are 'Type II Blank Planchets' which are Blank Planchets that have been through the upsetting mill which creates raised edges on both sides of the Blank Planchet.



Broadstruck Errors

Broadstruck Errors

Broadstruck Errors are caused by the collar die not being properly tightened, allowing the blank planchet to spread to larger than normal width while being struck by the obverse and reverse dies.  These broadstrikes may be centered or uncentered.  Uncentered Broadstrikes show all of the design elements for the coin being struck but uncentered within the planchet.



Brockage Errors

Brockage Errors

Brockage Errors are caused by a Blank Planchet being struck by the dies while an already struck coin is either laying atop, or partially atop, that Blank Planchet.  When the dies strike the Blank Planchet, the image from the already struck coin is imprinted on the surface of the Blank Planchet from the pressure of the dies.  If only a portion of the struck coin is laying atop the Blank Planchet, then the result is a Partial Brockage Error.  If the whole struck coin is laying atop the Blank Planchet, then the result is a Full Brockage Error.



Clad Layer Split Off Errors

Clad Layer Split Off Errors

Clad Layer Split Off Errors are a result of the obverse or reverse clad layer of a clad coin or clad planchet splitting off of the rest of the clad coin or clad planchet.  If the side of the Blank Planchet that the clad layer split off of is struck by the obverse die, the result is an "Obverse Split Off Before Struck Error".  Conversely if the side of the Blank Planchet that the clad layer split off of is struck by the reverse die, the result is a "Reverse Split Off Before Struck Error".  The struck image of the missing clad layer side will have sharper detail than if the clad layer split off of the coin after it was struck.  When that happens they are called "Obverse Split Off After Strike Error" or "Reverse Split Off After Strike Error", whichever the case may be.



Clashed Die Errors

Clashed Die Errors

Clashed Die Errors are coins that have been struck by dies that have struck each other without a Blank Planchet resting in the collar die.  The result of the dies striking each other without a Blank Planchet between them is the transfer of some design elements from each die to the other.  Then when Blank Planchets are struck by those "Clashed Dies", the coin will show those transferred design elements in reverse relief in addition to the normal design elements.

Some coins will exhibit Die Clash on only one side, some will exhibit it on both sides.  The reason some only exhibit the Die Clash on one side is that not all die pairs are replaced simultaneously.  Only the Obverse or Reverse die may be replaced for a given pair of dies at any time, leaving the opposite die in place until it gets replaced later in its die life (when it's sufficiently worn).  Coin dies are not normally replaced due to Clashed Dies, so normally they wouldn't both be replaced at the same time unless the clash was severe and the U.S. Mint employee noticed it.